轻组分绝对占优的蒸汽再压缩隔离壁蒸馏塔的最优拓扑结构

隔离壁蒸馏塔（DWC）的双塔多段拓扑结构导致蒸汽再压缩热泵（VRHP）的应用具有多种可能性，包括单VRHP、多VRHP、多级VRHP以及它们的相互组合等复杂结构，这显著加剧了蒸汽再压缩隔离壁蒸馏塔（DWC-VRHP）综合与设计的复杂性与烦琐性。为解决这一问题，针对轻组分绝对占优的三元宽沸点物系的分离问题推演了DWC-VRHP的最优拓扑结构，由此能够有效回避系统综合与设计过程中的结构搜索问题并显著降低模型化与搜索计算的工作强度。轻组分绝对占优与宽沸点物性导致了塔顶冷凝器与预分离蒸馏塔的提馏段是主要的热源与热阱，也决定了DWC-VRHP的最优拓扑结构，即一个二级VRHP与DWC的耦合系统。第一级VRHP用于进料预热，既充分利用温度提升跨度小的特点，又可以通过进料分流强化气液相间的物质传递。第二级VRHP用于加热预分离蒸馏塔的提馏段（或公共提馏段），能够最大限度地降低分离操作的非可逆性。采用苯/甲苯/邻二甲苯和正戊烷/正己烷/正庚烷两个物系的分离问题对所提出的DWC-VRHP的最优拓扑结构进行了分析与验证。通过与DWC以及DWC-VRHP其他潜在结构的系统性比较，显示了所提出系统结构在稳态性能方面的优越性。     

Work-hardening and plastic deformation behavior of Ti-based bulk metallic glass composites with bimodal sized B2 particles

In this work, the role of individual B2 particles with bimodal length scale on work-hardening and plastic deformation behaviors of Ti-based bulk metallic glass composites has been studied by systemic microstructural and mechanical investigations. At the early stage of plastic deformation, work-hardening characteristic was clearly observed. This work-hardening behavior can be supported by the martensitic transformation and the deformation induced twinning in both small- and large-sized B2 particles during deformation. On progress of plastic deformation after work-hardening, small-sized B2 particles (1–10 μm) were penetrated by propagation of main shear bands while large-sized B2 particles (100–200 μm) were severely interacted with shear bands leading to formation of multiple shear bands and impeding the propagation of principal shear bands. This reveals that each B2 particle with different length scale plays a distinct role on the stage of plastic deformation depending on the particle size.     

Microstructure evolution and plastic mechanism in deformation of bulk amorphous Al2O3-ZrO2-Y2O3

In this work, compressive deformation is performed on bulk amorphous Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ at moderate temperatures. The amorphous samples display brittle fracture without any noticeable permanent strain at 500 °C. However, a large plastic strain of up to 15.1% is achieved at 600 °C. During the entire compressive deformation process, the samples remain amorphous, and shear bands start to form, accompanied by a stress drop. The amorphous AZY shows low Vickers hardness value of 2.8 GPa at 500 °C, and 2.2 GPa at 600 °C, due to the disordering microstructure. In the optical microscope images, local plastic deformation are detected around the indention without large cracks. Transmission electron microscopic observations and selected area electron diffraction analysis suggest that the shear band formation originates from the presence of free volume. Furthermore, the nucleation and propogation of shear bands lead to the large macroscopic plastic strain in the bulk amorphous Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-Y₂O₃.     

Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics Empowered by an Unconventional Bonding Mechanism

Thermoelectric materials have attracted significant research interest in recent decades due to their promising application potential in interconverting heat and electricity. Unfortunately, the strong coupling between the material parameters that determine thermoelectric efficiency, i.e., the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, complicates the optimization of thermoelectric energy converters. Main‐group chalcogenides provide a rich playground to alleviate the interdependence of these parameters. Interestingly, only a subgroup of octahedrally coordinated chalcogenides possesses good thermoelectric properties. This subgroup is also characterized by other outstanding characteristics suggestive of an exceptional bonding mechanism, which has been coined metavalent bonding. This conclusion is further supported by a map that separates different bonding mechanisms. In this map, all octahedrally coordinated chalcogenides with good performance as thermoelectrics are located in a well‐defined region, implying that the map can be utilized to identify novel thermoelectrics. To unravel the correlation between chemical bonding mechanism and good thermoelectric properties, the consequences of this unusual bonding mechanism on the band structure are analyzed. It is shown that features such as band degeneracy and band anisotropy are typical for this bonding mechanism, as is the low lattice thermal conductivity. This fundamental understanding, in turn, guides the rational materials design for improved thermoelectric performance by tailoring the chemical bonding mechanism.     

基于高分一号遥感卫星的渤海湾悬浮泥沙时空分布反演

悬浮泥沙是评价II类水体水质的重要参数之一,近海岸水域悬浮泥沙对重金属、营养盐等具有一定的吸附作用,悬浮泥沙的分布特征在一定程度上反映着污染物的迁移和循环,因此研究悬浮泥沙对渤海湾建设和环境保护具有重要意义。为探究渤海湾水域悬浮泥沙浓度 和分布的变化特征,利用高分一号多光谱卫星影像,通过采用波段组合的方式对悬浮泥沙含量指数反演提取,反演得到2019年9个月的渤海湾悬浮泥沙指数,分析发现渤海湾悬浮泥沙含量在冬季受季风影响较高,春季和夏季的时候渤海湾高浓度悬浮泥沙向近岸收缩,秋季 悬浮泥沙分布格局有正在向冬季过渡的趋势,本文研究可为渤海湾的生态环境保护和工业开发提供重要的科学依据和参考价值。     

7号连铸机的NKK液位PID控制参数及结晶器流场优化

本钢三连铸的单流宽板坯连铸机从达涅利公司引进,于2008年12月4日建成投产,结晶器液位控制采用NKK技术。介绍了7号连铸机生产超低碳钢过程中,结晶器液位出现不稳定性波浪的原因,并通过改进NKK液位控制工艺,微调PID控制参数,以及优化结晶器流场等措施,提高了宽幅汽车板生产时的结晶器液位控制精度,并且解决和消除了不稳定型波浪的问题,使宽幅汽车板的轧制成材率大幅提升。     

Effect of the particle size ratio on macro- and mesoscopic shear characteristics of the geogrid-reinforced rubber and sand mixture interface

As a new type of material for civil engineering projects, the rubber and sand mixture is widely used in roadbed fillers, offering environmental benefits over traditional tyre disposal methods. This study uses a large-scale direct shear apparatus to examine the interface shear properties of the geogrid-reinforced rubber and sand mixture, considering different particle size ratios (r), rubber contents, and normal stresses. Based on indoor tests, direct shear models of the mixture with different values of r are established in PFC^3D, revealing the meso-mechanical mechanism of the mixture in the direct shear process. The results show that when r is greater than 1, incorporating a certain amount of rubber particles can increase the shear strength of the mixture. The r values of 15.78, 7.63, and 3.98 correspond to an optimal rubber content of 30%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. When r is less than 1, mixing rubber particles can only reduce the shear strength of the mixture. When the rubber content is low, the smaller the value of r, the greater is the thickness of the shear band. Furthermore, the normal and tangential contact forces are greater. The fabric anisotropy evolution law of the mixture is consistent with the change in the contact force distribution.     

弹性地基处周期性圆形钢筋混凝土管道振动特性分析

针对弹性地基处周期性钢筋混凝土管道的波动特性,基于声子晶体理论和Flugge壳体理论,建立了圆形管道环径向轴对称波动微分方程,利用传递矩阵法建立了相邻胞元间的传递矩阵,数值分析了周期性管道结构的能带特性。结果表明,振动波在传播过程中存在禁带域和通带域,弹性地基对弯曲波在特定频率范围内的传播具有抑制作用,长度比的变化对周期性圆形混凝土管道禁带的幅值、宽度和个数影响显著,因此可通过调整结构尺寸参数改变结构中波的传播特性。     

铁酸镧B位掺Mn/Co/Cr试样的红外辐射性能与机理

采用高温固相烧结法制备了粉体材料LaFeO₃、LaFe_0.75Co_0.25O₃、LaFe_0.75Cr_0.25O₃和LaFe_0.75Mn_0.25O₃，通过XRD、FTIR、SEM、XPS等检测手段对材料进行表征，同时运用CASTEP模块模拟计算了材料的电子能带结构和光学性质。实验结果表明：掺入Mn/Cr/Co离子后晶格发生畸变,晶格对称性降低。Mn/Cr/Co掺杂后的粉体材料在近中红外波段发射率排序为：掺Mn>掺Co>掺Cr>纯LaFeO₃，其中掺Mn在0.2～2.5μm波段为0.8722，2.5～5μm波段为0.6755，远大于纯LaFeO₃的发射率（近中红外波段发射率均为0.5左右）。发射率提升的机理在于：Mn掺杂后,引入了Mn³⁺杂质能级，产生了激活能小的Mn³⁺?Mn⁴⁺跳跃小极化子，电子-氧空位载流子吸收亦增强，同时体系的晶格畸变导致振动吸收加剧。第一性原理计算结果表明掺杂Mn/Cr/Co材料的禁带宽度分别0.793eV、2.406eV、1.722eV均小于纯LaFeO₃的3.817eV，结合态密度计算结果分析其原因，主要Mn3d、Cr3d、Co3d轨道与O2p轨道杂化形成杂质能级，同时Mn3d、Cr3d、Co3d在导带也存在态密度峰，且峰的位置都比LaFeO₃峰更靠近费米能级，作为新的导带底相当于缩短了价带顶到导带底之间的间隙宽度。LaFe_0.75Mn_0.25O₃材料在近中红外波段的优异辐射性能表现，可作为耐高温抗氧化高发射率材料在高温热工炉窑具有潜在应用前景。     

频带能量与样本熵在注意力脑电信号中的对比研究

脑电波是一种复杂的生物电信号,可反应出大脑内部的活动及注意力等精神状态。基于此,论文设计了注意力相关的脑电实验,并完成了受试者脑电数据的采集,对所采集的脑电数据分别从以下两种角度进行研究:从时频分析的角度,采用db4小波基对原始脑电信号进行7层小波包分解,提取了β波/θ波能量占比作为特征量;从非线性动力学的角度,提取脑电信号的样本熵作为特征,并分别对各受试者进行注意力的分级研究。通过对比分析,结果表明两者都能从一定程度上表征注意力水平的状况,但样本熵对于多级注意力的区分度更好。